Choi Yu-Mei: United Kingdom characteristics of urban and rural planning and enlightenment _skylandhuman

United Kingdom consists of England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales four areas with area 24.41 million square kilometers with a population of about 60 million, the level of urbanization above 90%, is the world's earliest start of industrialization and urbanization of the monarchy, the planning system and mode of the countries have an important impact on planning. Territorial planning in different countries and different development stages have different titles. United Kingdom planning and territorial planning corresponding planning is a town and country planning. So this article's town and country planning and land planning in General, and in England regional planning as an example. 1. the United Kingdom land planning characteristics and inspiration (1) establishment of detailed rules for the implementation of the main method and form of system of planning statutes United Kingdom of town and country planning law have programmatic and principled features, implementation details are planning departments by the subordinate legislation, a specific planning issues are to be based on the special law. So that the planning of the main method of universal applicability and relative stability. The main rules for the implementation of the use rules, the General rules for the development and the special development rules. With the transformation of industrial structure and the advancement of science and technology, use will also be adjusted accordingly. The purpose of the 1987 classified rules proposed a comprehensive business use categories, includes Office, research and light production activities to meet the high-tech industries. (2) formed the twon of three-level planning system before 2004, the United Kingdom's development planning, from strategic planning and implementation of local planning constitutes secondary system has as many countries. Structure planning needed escalation Central Government, local planning is the main basis for the development control. Such a development planning system is to ensure that the strategic planning of national and regional development policies are coordinated, and the implementation of the planning process more simplified, and respond to change. Implementation of the evaluation show that the system becomes a stubborn, routine and bureaucratic procedures, planning system cannot improve but impede development, therefore, the 2004 subsequent planning system becomes international planning policy guidelines, regional spatial strategy and framework for local development, the three-level system that runs through urban and rural areas. The new planning system combined with the local government structure change, the more stressed the effectiveness of Government and public involvement, stresses the principles of sustainable development. (3) with the economic development of the situation and institutional change adjustment town and country planning system planning functions as public management, the planning method is the core of the planning system. United Kingdom as the oldest in town and country planning legislation, since 1909, planning law, successively promulgated 20 more programming. 1909 was enacted, the law on urban planning — the housing and urban planning of the Dharma. Marks the end of the plan of the Government management functions. In 1947 the urban and rural planning Act laid a United Kingdom based on modern planning system. The Planning Act 1968 establishes the perfect development planning system, Planning Act 1990, known as the United Kingdom present planning core of the legal system, to the 2004 established a planning and compulsory purchase Act. United Kingdom of urban and regional planning from the 19th century industrial revolution brought about health issues, urban population growth. The theme of urban planning, public health and housing problems, emphasizing urban planning to ensure adequate sanitation, urban and rural planning services in 1942 by the Ministry of health have been responsible for the United Kingdom. Changes polemic institution by town and country planning department, Ministry of housing and local government, environment, environmental, and transport regional operations, Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, the Ministry of community and local government. (4) town and country planning content to sustainable development as the main country-level planning, for example, from different aspects of sustainable development provides a set of planning policy, concerned about the theme of social cohesion and inclusion, environment protection and improvement, the wise use of natural resources, sustainable economic development as well as development planning in the overall sustainable development, including the green belt, housing, industrial and commercial, planning areas, town centres, rural areas, communications, biodiversity and geological protection, waste management, regional spatial strategies, local development frameworks, traffic, instability of the land (landslide), historic preservation, archaeology, sports and entertainment, implementation planning and control, outdoor advertising control, coast, tourism, energy update, pollution control, noise and floods etc. 25 files. Mineral policy documents including planning and environmental impact of mineral, control and mitigation, remediation, 15. 2. the revelation of our territorial planning (1) the construction of our spatial planning systems, anchor territorial planning functions and already mature spatial planning system in the United Kingdom, China was in the reform and restructuring, economic institutions, organizations, and other changes, the appropriate spatial planning system also in the formation period. State Council approval of different departments, different scale planning including the national platform for land use planning, the national major functional areas of planning, the protection of national forest land-use planning framework, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regional planning, flood control planning, urban planning etc to my space planning system laid the basis for the establishment must, in the territorial planning of positioning based on the inheritance of the planning, development and inclusion. (2) from China's economic development and current status of the administrative system, determine the content territorial planning United Kingdom different stages of economic development and planning agencies under planning content differ, our country is in rapid urbanization and industrialization stage of development, economic development and resource environment of contradictions within a certain period does not exceed the regional imbalance problem and rural development and the need to address the same dualistic, industrial restructuring, change the mode of growth, and regional and urban/rural development becomes inevitable trend. Most of the system of administrative reform, will also have important territorial planning content. Therefore, from the national conditions determine the territorial planning content is very important. (3) meet the requirements of the Socialist market economic system, strengthen the territorial planning of space Guide > United Kingdom planning is a country-driven top-down activities. Each level planning departments are subordinate planning departments to develop strategies and planning departments affected by the last level. On the other hand, the United Kingdom experience post-war rehabilitation and economic growth, select highlighted policy participation policy of market socialism. Particularly in 1980 from the market socialism to the market economy of macro policy changes in the process of change, the appropriate planning related aspects have also been continuously adjusted. Coordination in order to index expression indexes, space planning and space-based, index describes the relationship between spatial planning mode in order to adapt to constantly changing market economy reform model is the territorial planning content oriented needs into account. (4) to scientific and technical support for national land planning, solid scientific base of land and planning. United Kingdom-urban planning is based on a mature discipline construction and urban planning. China's territorial planning in the same manner as other planning, political processes, technical processes and social processes in complex, technical process is the Foundation. Therefore, strengthen the territorial planning of technological process can improve the scientific nature of the land and planning. Includes a wide range of heterogeneous underlying database construction technology, land and resource evaluation techniques, resources, environmental carrying capacity assessment and technology, national land resource optimization technology, integrated land and space, land and space partitioning technology evolution and simulation technology, land planning, monitoring and evaluation technology, land planning information system development technology. Should make full use of the relevant investigate and research results, enhancing the ability of territorial planning and technological support. (Ext.: land and resources news 2010)